Practical accounting guides
Worked examples and reviewable sources for personal budgeting, daily cash checks, product margins and small-business recordkeeping.
Explore guides for personal records, customer payments, expenses and small-business inventory. Use the language menu on any article to read its Arabic or English edition.
96 articles in English · Showing 1–12
Daily Accounting
A fixed SAR 500 petty cash float for a tailoring shop: setup steps, a week of vouchers, the count and top-up entry, and how to handle a 15-riyal shortage or overage.
Read the guide →Account Management
A SAR 12,000 display fridge with a 5-year life and a 2,000 salvage value: calculate annual and monthly straight-line depreciation, track book value and find the gain or loss when it is sold.
Read the guide →Customer Debts and Collections
A customer closed his shop owing SAR 3,400. Seven questions to answer before writing it off, the direct write-off and allowance entries with numbers, and what to record if the customer pays later.
Read the guide →Daily Accounting
Seven transactions in one month left a small print shop with a SAR 1,400 loss on a cash basis and a 600 profit on an accrual basis. A table explains every difference, when to use each method and how to keep records that show both.
Read the guide →Tips for Shop Owners
Break-even sales equal fixed costs divided by the contribution margin ratio. A laundry example that needs SAR 20,000 a month, or 800 a day, plus a what-if table for rent, wages and prices.
Read the guide →Cash Flow and Reports
Gross profit is net sales minus the cost of goods sold; net profit is what remains after operating expenses. One full month at a perfume shop, set out as a simple income statement, plus four common mistakes.
Read the guide →Account Statements and Reports
A 540 gap between debits and credits? Seven common reasons a trial balance won't balance, how to detect each one, and the errors a balanced trial balance still hides.
Read the guide →Account Management
Four questions tell you which account to debit and which to credit in any transaction. See the standard journal layout and six solved entries from a phone-accessories shop.
Read the guide →Customers and Suppliers
Receivables are what customers owe you; payables are what you owe suppliers. A week's log from a bakery that sells to two cafés on credit and buys flour on credit, with an aging table.
Read the guide →Statements and Reconciliation
A credit note lowers what the buyer owes; a debit note raises it. A comparison table and five cases from a phone-accessories shop show who issues each note and how it changes the balance.
Read the guide →Account Management
Expenses are a debit. Examples of rent paid from the bank, an unpaid electricity bill and a refund, plus the difference between an expense and buying an asset.
Read the guide →Account Management
Owner's capital is a credit. See the entry for investing capital, and why profit increases it while losses and personal drawings reduce it.
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