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Practical accounting guides
Practical guides for clearer financial records
Worked examples and reviewable sources for personal budgeting, daily cash checks, product margins and small-business recordkeeping.
Explore guides for personal records, customer payments, expenses and small-business inventory. Use the language menu on any article to read its Arabic or English edition.
Cash and bank are debit accounts in your books. Learn receipt and payment entries, why a deposit shows as a credit on your bank statement, and what an overdraft means.
Purchases are a debit. Examples of cash and credit purchases, supplier payments and purchase returns, plus the difference between periodic and perpetual inventory.
Moving goods to a display shelf changes their location, not the amount you own. Follow a worked transfer example, verify both locations, and keep stock movements separate from sales and transport expenses.
A trip's cost is not simply the difference in your wallet. Track earlier bookings, card purchases, and cash spending in their original currencies, then reconcile the cash left over without counting withdrawals twice.
Two payments can have the same amount and customer but belong to different orders. Use consistent references and concise notes to find transactions, explain balances, and keep your own costs separate.
When one housemate pays the bills, separate the total paid, their own share, and amounts recoverable from others. A three-person example shows how to track partial repayments without overstating personal expenses.
Monthly and annual subscriptions can hide the real timing of your spending. Build a clear service list, distinguish actual payments from planning averages, and review renewals before the next charge.
Returning from a market with fewer boxes and more money does not explain the whole result. Reconcile units sold, samples, damage, actual receipts, unpaid balances, and event expenses with a clear example.
A payment can be saved correctly yet absent from the rows of a particular PDF. Check its account, currency, and date, then see whether an earlier payment is already reflected in the period's opening balance.
Similar colors, sizes, and packages need clear identities before you record stock. Use readable product names, consistent SKUs, and verified barcodes to choose the right item and keep quantities accurate.
A repeated payment entry can make a customer balance look lower than it should. Learn how to verify the actual receipt, identify the duplicate, correct the record, and issue an updated statement.